Bio-Agriculture and Bio-Diversity
Biodiversity is key to food security and nutrition. It is needed to sustainably produce enough nutritious food in the face of challenges, such as climate change and growing populations with changing diets. Production should address not only the quantity of food or calories but high nutrient values such as vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients as well. In agricultural ecosystems, maintenance of biological diversity is important both for food production and to conserve the ecological foundations necessary to sustain life and rural livelihoods. Agricultural sectors are major users of biodiversity but also has the potential to contribute to the protection of biodiversity. The agricultural sectors together manage the largest terrestrial, freshwater and marine areas on Earth. If managed sustainably, agricultural sectors can contribute to important ecosystem functions. These include maintenance of water quality, nutrient cycling, soil formation and rehabilitation, erosion control, carbon sequestration, resilience, habitat provision for wild species, biological pest control and pollination.
Soil biology
HISTORY OF SOIL BIOLOGY
Soil biology is the study of microbial and faunal activities and ecology in soil. Soil like, soil biota, or edaphon is a collective term for the organism within the soil. This organisms living include earthworm, nematodes, protozoa, fungi, bacterial and different arthropods, soil biology play a vital role in determine many soil characteristics yet, been a relatively new science, much remains unknown about soil biology and about the nature of soil is affected (Whitman et al., 1998). The soil is home to large proportion of world‟s bio-diversity. The links between soil function are observed to be incredibly complex. The interconnectedness and complexity of this soil „food web‟ means any appraisal of soil function must necessarily take into account interaction with the communities that exist within the soil (Higa, 1995). We know that soil organism prevent nutrient loss by leaching. Microbial exudates act to maintain soil structure, and earthworms are important in bioturdation. However, we find that we don‟t understand critical aspects about how these functions interact. The discovery of globalin in 1995 indicates that we lack the knowledge to correctly answer some of the most basic question about the biogeochemical cycle in soils. We have much work ahead to gain a better understanding of how soil biological components. We have much work ahead to gain a better understanding of soil biological components affect us and the biosphere (Comis, 2002). In balanced soil, plants grow in an active and steady environment. The mineral content of the soil and its healthful structure are important for their well being, but it is the life in the earth that powers its cycles and provides its fertility without the activities of soil organisms, organic materials would accumulate and litter the soil surface, and there would be no food for plants (Parr et al., 19994).
Sustainable Agriculture-Educating our youth
Sustainable agriculture means farming system that are capable of maintaining their productivity & usefulness to society indefinitely. Such systems must be resource-conserving, socially supportive, commercially Competitive and environmentally sound.
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